The equation of a line describes all the points that lie on the line in a coordinate plane. It is typically written in several standard algebraic forms that define how y relates to x.
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Slope-Intercept Form:
y = mx + b (where m is slope, b is y-intercept)
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Point-Slope Form:
y - y₁ = m(x - x₁) (where (x₁, y₁) is a point on the line)
An equation of a line is a mathematical relationship between every point (x, y) that makes up the line. The slope (m) represents the rate of change or steepness, while the intercept (b) represents the starting vertical position.
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m:
The slope of the line (rise over run).
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b:
The y-intercept (where the line crosses the y-axis).
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(x₁, y₁):
A specific known point on the line.
Standard Forms
Slope-Intercept:
y = mx + b
Point-Slope:
y - y₁ = m(x - x₁)
Calculating Slope:
m = (y₂ - y₁) / (x₂ - x₁)
Example: Find the equation through (1, 2) and (3, 6).
Step 1:
Calculate slope: m = (6 - 2) / (3 - 1) = 2
Step 2:
Use point-slope: y - 2 = 2(x - 1)
Step 3:
Simplify: y - 2 = 2x - 2 → y = 2x
Answer: The equation is y = 2x.